Keyboard culture. Technique and technology. Music for connoisseurs -- Beethoven in 1800-1802 -- Composition and reception. The composition of Op. 27 and Op. 31. Sketches. Editions. Critics. Pianists -- 'Quasi una fantasia?'. Sonata versus fantasy. Sonata as fantasy -- The design of the Op. 27 sonatas. No. 1 in E♭. No. 2 in C♯ minor ('Moonlight') -- The design of the Op. 31 sonatas. No. 1 in G. No. 2 in D minor ('The Tempest'). No. 3 in E♭.